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These are the elements, and they have been placed in very plain tables that can be used in the different types of equations. Some borders have been turned on to show the structure of the elements. Generally speaking, the use of <br> within a table cell has been preferred over devices that generate similar elements that span more than one row.

The source for this document has quite a few NEWS moves that can be "tuned" to help the results remind us of real equations. The tags <td> and <th> have been set for line-height:13pt and font-size:13pt Subscripts and superscripts are often displaced with identifiers like <a id=s6> and <a id=n6> or classes <a class=s6> and <a class=n6>. For smaller subscripts and superscripts, id(class)=sp6 is n6 and font-size:11pt and id(class)=sb6 is s6 and font-size:11pt. Cellpadding and cellspacing are also useful adjustments, and defaults should never, ever be relied upon.

Here are tuned and untuned superscripts and subscripts:

fx fx - fx
  
fx fx - fx


Here, the tuned superscripts and subscripts are tuned for italics:

fx fx - fx
  
fx fx - fx


Here, the font is comic sans ms italic, and the tuning is a little different:

fx fx - fx
  
fx fx - fx


If you are viewing this on Netscape 4+, Explorer 5+ and quite a few others, you will see why I have given up on <sup> and <sub>.

Next, the ever-popular, fairly well tempered




|Ñf|2 = fx2 + fy2 + fz2


Here is a much better way to do that, but Explorer 5 and 6 can't render it correctly:




|Ñf|2 = fx2 + fy2 + fz2

Netscape 4 gets that right on the screen, but can't tell my printer what to do. Netscape 7 and Mozilla 1.4 get it right, and they can print it too, but Win-XP can't do it double-sided on my HP-psc-500.

(I am an equal-opportunity grouch, you know, and I think it's about time some of us users got really irritated about how some of these so-called utilities are working. Back when I used to write utilities, I also used to bust my butt to make sure they had to be kicked pretty hard before they broke.)

Here is a disgusting workaround that makes it work on Explorer too:




|Ñf|2 = fx2 + fy2 + fz2


Here are the basic tuned and untuned fractions:




# = #
-----
###
 and  #
-----
###

This one uses short dashes for the fraction line; other options are medium and long dashes, underscore, moved somewhat further north, and <hr noshade>. I don't care for the last option because it doesn't allow tuning the length of the fraction line.

This is fancier:




#  =  æ
ç
è
(#+#)#
______
(##+##)#
ö
÷
ø
#



This was surprisingly easy:

M  =  æ
ç
ç
ç
ç
è
M11
-
-
-
-
M61
-
-


-
-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-
-


-
-
M16
-
-
-
-
M66
ö
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø

(If that looked like junk on your NN7, get the newest version - it's better.)

Example:
U(L,C,R) = ì
í
î
L LÎ[C,R]
C if CÎ[R,L]
R RÎ[L,C]


Example:
(rq)t + (ruq)x + (rvq)y + (rwq)z + f = rr


Example:

  ____cx+d
Öax+b


Example:

2v2= (1 + k2)± Ö ______________
(1 - k2)2 + 4d2k2 .
 

The fragment, w ® _wÖ ___a/g  as k ® ¥, is an inline example.

Example:

e-c(z) 1
-----
2pi
 ó
 ô
 õ
e-c(z)
-------
z - z
dz


Beautiful examples:

z(s) =
2s sin ps
----
2
 ps-1  G(1-s) z(1-s)
(s-plane)

=
2s
-------
2s-2
æ
è
1
----
1s
- 1
----
2s
+ 1
----
3s
- 1
----
4s
+ . . . ö
ø
(Re(s) > 0)

=
1
----
1s
+ 1
----
2s
+ 1
----
3s
+ . . . + 1
----
ns
+ . . .
(Re(s) > 1)

=
æ
è
1
----
20
+ 1
----
2s
+ 1
-----
22s
+ . . . ö
ø
× æ
è
1
----
30
+ 1
----
3s
+ 1
-----
32s
+ . . . ö
ø
 × . . .

=
æ
è
2s
-------
2s-1
ö
ø
× æ
è
3s
-------
3s-1
ö
ø
× . . . × æ
è
ps
-------
ps-1
ö
ø
× . . .
(primes)